Quantum-enhanced multiphase estimation with spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

We investigate quantum-enhanced two-phase estimation in a spin-$1$ Bose-Einstein condensate, where spin-exchange collisions generate a spin-nematic squeezed state in the $m_F=\pm1$ modes. The resulting pair-correlated state has a rank-one quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) for the two mode phases relative to the $m_F=0$ mode and therefore cannot resolve them independently. Nevertheless, we find that a parameter-independent passive three-mode transformation lifts this rank deficiency and enables joint estimation of both phases. In the undepleted-pump regime, we derive expressions for the QFIM, optimize the equal-weight multiparameter quantum Cramér-Rao bound, and obtain a full-rank probe with squeezing-enhanced sensitivity below the matched fixed-total-number standard quantum limit (SQL). These analytical predictions are confirmed by exact-diagonalization calculations. We further construct a parameter-independent readout that maps the phase combinations onto displacement channels accessible through atomic homodyne or parity measurements. Our results provide a route from spin-mixing-generated quantum correlations to two-phase estimation in spinor condensates.