Multi-Period Donation Allocation for Food Banks under Stochastic Capacity and Supply

Abstract

Each food bank within the national Feeding America network faces the challenge of distributing donated food equitably across the food-insecure population it serves while minimizing food storage and waste over a multi-period planning horizon. Donated food supply is highly stochastic, and distribution to beneficiaries is done by autonomous local agencies whose capacities are uncertain and vary over time. Based on our long-standing partnership with a regional food bank in the southeastern United States, we address the equitable and effective distribution of food donations to charitable agencies over a finite planning horizon under uncertain capacity and supply. We derive structural properties of this problem and use them to develop efficient heuristics. An extensive numerical study evaluates the performance of the heuristics relative to a stochastic dynamic programming benchmark, which suffers from the curse of dimensionality. One heuristic consistently provides near-optimal solutions and can be easily implemented by food banks. Our results also apply to other problems involving the equitable and effective distribution of scarce resources under stochastic capacity and supply.