Do agents need to sleep?

Abstract

LLM-based agents, which increasingly operate persistently across sessions and accumulate memory through interaction, already exhibit the familiar symptoms of unchecked plasticity: semantic drift, degraded retrieval precision, propagation of stored errors, and saturation of memory capacity. Drawing on the selectionist "ringing, resonance and renormalization" (RRR) account of sleep, we propose that each of its three phases maps onto an operation feasible in digital memory architectures. Engineers building stateful agents, meanwhile, are independently rediscovering the problems sleep evolved to solve: what to forget, and when to do the forgetting. From this we derive the falsifiable prediction that selectionist consolidation will outperform instructionist alternatives as memory stores grow large. The core claim concerns the nature of continuous learning itself: plasticity has a price, and for any system that learns continuously under finite capacity while coupled to its environment, that price is sleep.