Galilean electrodynamics fluctuation in a superfluid: from general coordinate invariance to Tkachenko mode

Abstract

We explore coupling the Galilean electrodynamics (GED) to an s-wave superfluid. Governed by the general coordinate invariance, the proposed effective Lagrangian hosts an unconventional superfluid whose mass is shifted by the GED gauge multiplet. We compute its electromagnetic and gravitational responses in the linear regime. In the long-wavelength limit, we discover a vanishing pressure response, and remarkably the collective mode assumes a quadratic dispersion relation reminiscent of the Tkachenko mode in an oscillating vortex lattice in (2+1) dimensions. We further demonstrate that the soft sector of the vortex lattice model is a GED in disguise, and illustrate the relation between the gauge multiplet and the Lifshitz scalar in the lowest-Landau-level regime of the vortex lattice.