Weighted Sobolev regularity and failure of profile convergence associated with the scattering operator for the three-dimensional cubic Klein-Gordon equation

Abstract

The scattering problem for the three-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation \begin{align*} u_{tt}-Δu+u=\pm u^3 \end{align*} is studied. It was shown that the scattering operator $\mathbf{S}$ for the equation is well-defined on a neighborhood of 0 in the Sobolev space $\mathcal{H}^{1/2}:=H^{1/2}(\mathbb{R}^3) \oplus H^{-1/2}(\mathbb{R}^3)$, and that if $Φ_-$ is sufficiently small in $\mathcal{H}^{1/2}$ and belongs to $\mathcal{S} \oplus \mathcal{S}$, then $\mathbf{S}Φ_-$ is also in $\mathcal{S} \oplus \mathcal{S}$, where $\mathcal{S}=\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^3)$ is the Schwartz space. In the present paper, however, we prove that for any non-zero real-valued $Φ_-\in\mathcal{S}\oplus\mathcal{S}$ whose $\mathcal{H}^{1/2}$-norm is sufficiently small, the corresponding solution $u$ satisfies \[ U(-t) \,{}^t(u(t),\partial_t u(t)) \not\to \mathbf{S}Φ_- \quad(t\to+\infty) \] in the weighted Sobolev space $H^{1,3}(\mathbb{R}^3)\oplus H^{0,3}(\mathbb{R}^3)$ although $U(-t)\,{}^t(u(t),\partial_t u(t))$ converges to $\mathbf{S}Φ_-$ in $H^{1,σ}(\mathbb{R}^3)\oplus H^{0,σ}(\mathbb{R}^3)$ for any $σ<3$. Here, $U(t)$ denotes the free Klein-Gordon evolution group.