Pod-wise Multimodal Federated Learning for Heterogeneous IoT

Abstract

Federated learning (FL) is well suited to Internet of Things (IoT) sensing. However, devices carry different sensors and come online in periodic patterns, and as such, the sensors among the participants change from round to round. Under naive averaging, devices without a sensor overwrite its parameters, and a single-sensor device never learns how its sensor relates to the others. Existing methods either redesign local training for mismatched sensors (assuming always-available devices) or select clients without regard to their sensors. We propose Tier-aware Intra-pod Decoupled Encoders (TIDE). Specifically, each sensor has its own encoder and auxiliary head, whose parameters are merged only within the "pod" (i.e., the devices that hold the sensor), while the fusion layer and the task head remain shared by all devices. On three multimodal activity recognition datasets against eight baselines, TIDE reaches 78.06% on ActionSense, 7.63 points above the next method, is the most accurate on all three datasets at half its own communication, and at equal communication leads on ActionSense and is ahead within seed variation on the other two.