Optimal bounds for design curves on the torus

Abstract

A closed rectifiable curve on the torus $\mathbb T^d=\mathbb R^d/\mathbb Z^d$ is a $t$-design curve if normalized arclength integration is exact for trigonometric polynomials $e^{2πi \langle m,x\rangle}$ with frequencies $m\in\mathbb Z^d$ satisfying $\|m\|_\infty\le t$. For the arclength $L$ of such curves, we establish the sharp lower bound \begin{equation}\label{eq:abs} L\geq \Big(\frac{(t+1)^{2d}-1}{t(t+2)}\Big)^{1/2}. \end{equation} Equality is attained by the family of Korobov curves described in \cite{Kunis,Lindblad}. For even $t$, we also derive an explicit lower bound on the length of total-degree $t$-design curves, defined by the frequency condition $\|m\|_1\leq t$. This bound is sharp for $t=2$ in every dimension and for every even $t$ in dimension two. We determine the minimum length of hyperbolic cross $t^2$-design curves in dimension two. For $d\geq3$, we establish lower bounds of optimal order for the length of hyperbolic cross $t^d$-design curves. Finally, we obtain lower bounds of optimal order for the length of $t$-design curves associated with sparse frequency sets.