Coupled membrane response and horizon dissipation in four-dimensional Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity

Abstract

We develop an action-based membrane paradigm for nonextremal, static, spherically symmetric black holes in four-dimensional Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet (EsGB) gravity, describing their interaction with external perturbations through an effective fluid membrane. We calculate the linear membrane responses to perturbations and use them to analyze the work done on the membrane and the energy absorbed by the horizon. Horizon energy absorption receives contributions from geometric shear and scalar interactions. The scalar contribution includes both direct work on the membrane and work associated with the induced horizon expansion. We then establish a balance relation between the integrated horizon absorption and the second-order change in Wald entropy between stationary horizon cuts. Applying this framework to slow dynamics near a simple turning point, we obtain the leading exponential growth or decay rate of spherically symmetric scalar perturbations without fitting a dynamical damping coefficient.