Semi-Device-Independent Certification of multi-qubit Entangled Basis Measurement

Abstract

The entangled basis measurement plays a pivotal role in fundamental information-processing tasks, such as dense coding, quantum teleportation, and entanglement swapping. Consequently, certifying such measurements in a device-independent manner remains an important task. In this work, we present a semi-device-independent (SDI) protocol in a prepare-and-measure (PM) scenario for certifying a class of m-qubit entangled basis measurements. Specifically, we consider a tripartite PM scenario featuring two senders and one receiver, where each sender sends an arbitrary number of 2^m inputs and the receiver performs a measurement with 2^m outcomes. We adopt a classical causal model framework to demonstrate the non-classicality of quantum measurements. We introduce nonlinear witnesses in classical causal models and demonstrate that the optimal quantum value exceeds the classical bounds. Further, we demonstrate that the optimal quantum value of the witness SDI certify the entangled basis measurement and the prepared states of the two senders.