Constraining Lorentz Invariance Violation via Precision Atomic Spectroscopy

Abstract

This paper investigates Lorentz violation arising from quantum gravity effects in electronic and muonic hydrogen atoms. The violation is modeled through a modified dispersion relation parameterized by a dimensionless coefficient $ξ$ and suppressed by the Planck scale. Using high-precision spectroscopic data and a chi-squared fitting procedure that carefully accounts for theoretical uncertainties in the Rydberg constant and the proton radius, the analysis yields a 95% confidence level constraint $ξ\in [-14.3,\; 1.37] \times 10^5$. The mass scaling of the effect reveals two distinct regimes: for the lowest-order deformation, the heavy nucleus amplifies the signal, while for higher-order corrections, the lepton dominates the sensitivity. These bounds approach Planck-scale sensitivity using the simplest atomic systems, thereby circumventing ambiguities inherent in more complex quantum systems.