A family of symmetric counterexamples to the bent sum decomposition conjecture

Abstract

In this paper, we provide an infinite family of counterexamples to Tokareva's conjecture on sums of two bent functions. The conjecture states that every Boolean function in an even number of variables $n$ of algebraic degree at most $n/2$ can be written as the sum of two bent functions. We show that for every $n=2^k\geq 8$, the symmetric function $F_n=1+σ_2+σ_4+σ_6+\cdots+σ_{n/2}$ has degree $n/2$ and cannot be written as a sum of at most two bent functions. Here $σ_j$ is the elementary symmetric Boolean polynomial of degree $j$. Furthermore, we show that the eight-variable member of this family can be represented as the sum of exactly three bent functions. Using the connection between bent-sum decompositions and derivatives of bent functions, we also obtain an infinite family of balanced Boolean functions that cannot be derivatives of bent functions.