Charged Three-Dimensional Solitons in a Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystal

Abstract

Experimental observations and computer simulation of formation and structural properties of so far experimentally never seen electrically charged propagating 3D solitons are reported. The propagating solitons appear spontaneously without an external field in a ferroelectric nematic (NF) liquid crystal under rapid cooling from the antiferroelectric (SmZA) phase. The observed solitons propagate either parallel or antiparallel to the ferroelectric polarization and annihilate when they collide with each other. They are attributed to either positively or negatively charged propagating local polarization splay formed to screen excess negative or positive mobile charge lumps in the NF phase. The presence of mobile charge is attributed to a spatially periodic charge distribution present in the antiferroelectric phase that temporarily remains after the temperature is quenched through the antiferroelectric- ferroelectric phase transition.