A second eigenvalue lower bound for the directed configuration model

Abstract

We prove a high-probability lower bound for the second eigenvalue in modulus of the transition matrix of the simple random walk on a directed configuration model with minimal out-degree at least two and maximal degree not too large. The lower bound matches the upper bound found by Coste (2021) on the same model. Our proof bypasses the need to establish convergence of the empirical eigenvalue distribution. Instead, it reduces the spectral lower bound to a central limit theorem for the trace of the transition matrix at powers much larger than the logarithmic scale, a range that previous results failed to reach. Both the general strategy and the central limit theorem might be of independent interest.