Dualities in one-dimensional quantum lattice models: Lie groups, Schur-Weyl duality and symmetry breaking

Abstract

We present a systematic framework for gauging continuous symmetries, and show that the Schur-Weyl duality arises naturally as a realization of this construction with open boundary conditions. Restricting to compact Lie group symmetries, we construct dual models for one-dimensional quantum lattice models exhibiting those symmetries. We demonstrate that matrix product operators enable the explicit construction of intertwiners between the dual theories and their (non-invertible) symmetries. With closed boundary conditions, we can relate the full spectrum of these dual theories by considering all possible twisted boundary conditions.We illustrate how the Peter-Weyl transform appears when the duality acts on the boundary Hilbert space of a $G$-symmetric model. The presented framework generalizes previous work on dualities for unitary fusion category symmetric models. It exemplifies how dualities for both finite and continuous symmetries rely on the relation between a bond algebra and a representation of the symmetry in the lattice as double centralizers. We argue that dual non-invertible spontaneous symmetry breaking is the mechanism that underlies symmetric tensor network algorithms. We illustrate these results for $U(1)$- and $SU(2)$-symmetric quantum lattice models.