GRBS: Standard Model & Beyond

Abstract

There have been great and rapid progresses in the field of $γ$-ray bursts since BeppoSAX and other telescopes discovered their afterglows in 1997. In this talk, the main observational facts of $γ$-ray bursts and their afterglows, and the standard fireball shock model are reviewed briefly. And then, various post-standard effects, deviations from the standard model, are presented.