Time delay in QSO 0957+561 from 1984-99 optical data

Abstract

Photometric optical data of QSO 0957+561 covering the period 1984-99 are analyzed to discern between the two values of the time delay (417 and 424 days) mostly accepted in the recent literature. The observations, performed by groups from three different institutions-Princeton University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias-and including new unpublished 1998-9 data from the IAC80 Telescope, were obtained in five filters (V, R, I, g, and r). The different light curves have been divided into observational seasons and two restriction have been applied to better calculate the time delay: (i) points with a strange photometric behavior have been removed; and (ii) data sets without large gaps have been selected. Simulated data were generated to test several numerical methods intended to compute the time delay. The methods giving the best results-the discrete correlation function, delta-square, z-transformed discrete correlation function, and linear interpolation-were then applied to real data. A first analysis of the 23 different time delays derived from each technique shows that the time delay must be into the interval 420-424 days. From our statistical study, a most probable value of 422.6 +/- 0.6 days is inferred.