Gamma-Ray Burst in a Molecular Cloud: Destruction of Dust and H2, and Emergent Spectrum

Abstract

A gamma ray burst with strong optical-UV emission occuring in a molecular cloud will photodissociate H2, photoionize H2, H, and He, and destroy dust grains. We model these processes, including time-dependent radiative transfer in both continuum radiation and the resonance lines of H2. The UV will pump H2 into vibrationally-excited levels. We calculate the absorption spectrum imprinted on radiation from the GRB at various times. In addition to the strong absorption lines of H2(v=0) at lambda < 1110 Angstrom, due to cold ambient gas, we find that radiation reaching us from the GRB and its afterglow will show strong absorption lines due to vibrationally-excited H2 at 1110 < lambda < 1705 Angstrom. These absorption lines, if observed, would provide unequivocal evidence for association of the GRB with molecular gas. Low-resolution spectra will exhibit conspicuous features due to clustering of individual lines; a list of the strongest such absorption features is given for spectral resolution R approx 350 characteristic of the grism on the Swift UV-Optical Telescope.