Evolution of the Mass Function of Dark Matter Haloes

Abstract

We use a high resolution $Λ$CDM numerical simulation to calculate the mass function of dark matter haloes down to the scale of dwarf galaxies, back to a redshift of fifteen, in a 50 $h^{-1}$Mpc volume containing 80 million particles. Our low redshift results allow us to probe low $σ$ density fluctuations significantly beyond the range of previous cosmological simulations. The Sheth and Tormen mass function provides an excellent match to all of our data except for redshifts of ten and higher, where it overpredicts halo numbers increasingly with redshift, reaching roughly 50 percent for the $10^{10}-10^{11} \msun$ haloes sampled at redshift 15. Our results confirm previous findings that the simulated halo mass function can be described solely by the variance of the mass distribution, and thus has no explicit redshift dependence. We provide an empirical fit to our data that corrects for the overprediction of extremely rare objects by the Sheth and Tormen mass function. This overprediction has implications for studies that use the number densities of similarly rare objects as cosmological probes. For example, the number density of high redshift (z $\simeq$ 6) QSOs, which are thought to be hosted by haloes at 5$σ$ peaks in the fluctuation field, are likely to be overpredicted by at least a factor of 50%. We test the sensitivity of our results to force accuracy, starting redshift, and halo finding algorithm.