Infrared Photometry of Starless Dense Cores

Abstract

Deep JHKs photometry was obtained towards eight dense molecular cores and J-H vs. H-Ks color-color plots are presented. Our photometry, sensitive to the detection of a 1 solar mass, 1 X 10^6 year old star through approx. 35 - 50 magnitudes of visual extinction, shows no indication of the presence of star/disk systems based on J-H vs. H-Ks colors of detected objects. The stars detected towards the cores are generally spatially anti-correlated with core centers suggesting a background origin, although we cannot preclude the possibility that some stars detected at H and Ks alone, or Ks alone, are not low mass stars or brown dwarfs (< 0.3 Solar Masses) behind substantial amounts of visual extinction (e.g. 53 magnitudes for L183B). Lower limits to optical extinctions are estimated for the detected background stars, with high extinctions being encountered, in the extreme case ranging up to at least Av = 46, and probably higher. The extinction data are used to estimate cloud masses and densities which are comparable to those determined from molecular line studies. Variations in cloud extinctions are consistent with a systematic nature to cloud density distributions and column density variations and extinctions are found to be consistent with submillimeter wave continuum studies of similar regions. The results suggest that some cores have achieved significant column density contrasts (approx. 30) on sub-core scales (approx. 0.05 pc) without having formed known stars.