Faint galaxy population in clusters: X-ray emission, cD halos and projection effects

Abstract

We analyze samples of nearby clusters taken from the Abell catalog and the X-ray Sample of Bright Clusters(De Grandi et al 1999) including a wide range of X-ray luminosities.Using the usually adopted background subtraction procedures, we find that galaxies in clusters selected by means of their X-ray emission show a flat luminosity function (faint end slope $\alpha \simeq -1.1$) consistent with that derived for galaxies in the field and groups. By contrast, the sample of Abell clusters that do not have an X-ray counterpart shows a galaxy luminosity function with a steep faint end ($\alpha \simeq -1.6$). We investigate the possibility that cD halos could be formed by the disruption of galaxies in rich relaxed clusters that show an apparently flat faint end galaxy luminosity function (Lopez-Cruz et al 1997). We find that clusters dominated by a central cD galaxy (Bautz-Morgan classes I and II) show the same systematic trend: X-ray selected clusters have flatter faint end slopes than those clusters with no detected X-ray emission. Thus, it is likely the X-ray selection and not the cluster domination by central galaxies what correlates with background decontamination estimates of the galaxy luminosity function. Moreover, no significant correlation between X-ray luminosity and the galaxy LF faint end slope is found. These results do not support a scenario where flat faint end slopes are a consequence of cD formation via the disruption of faint galaxies. We argue that the clusters without X-ray emission are strongly affected by projection effects which give rise to spurious faint end slopes estimated using background subtraction procedures (Valotto et al 2001).