V838 Mon: light echo evolution and distance estimate

Abstract

Following its 2002 February eruption, V838 Mon developed a light echo that continues to expand and evolve as light from the outburst scatters off progressively more distant circumstellar and/or interstellar material. Multi-filter images of the light echo, obtained with the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) 1.0-m telescope between 2002 May and 2004 December, are analysed and made available electronically. The expansion of the light echo is measured from the images and the data compared with models for scattering by a thin sheet and a thin shell of dust. From these model results we infer that the dust is likely in the form of a thin sheet distant from the star, suggesting that the material is of interstellar origin, rather than being from earlier stages in the star's evolution. Although the fit is uncertain, we derive a stellar distance of ~ 9 kpc and a star-dust distance of ~ 5 pc, in good agreement with recent results reported from other methods. We also present JHKL and Cousins UBVRI photometry obtained at the SAAO during the star's second, third and fourth observing seasons post-outburst. These data show complex infrared colour behaviour while V838 Mon is slowly brightening in the optical.