The GZK Bound in Discrete Space
Abstract
The maximum distance bound for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR) with energies above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmich cutoff 1019 eV relaxes significantly if there is some mechanism that forces UHECR to propagate in discrete intervals, rather than continuously, through intergalactic space. In particular, intervals as small as a femtometer relax the bound for protons by an order of magnitude and potentially account for the observed excess of UHECR flux.
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