Age constraints on the cosmic equation of state

Abstract

Dark energy is the invisible fuel that seems to drive the current acceleration of the Universe. Its presence, which is inferred from an impressive convergence of high-quality observational results along with some sucessful theoretical predictions, is also supported by the current estimates of the age of the Universe from dating of local and high-$z$ objects. In this work we study observational constraints on the dark energy equation of state ($w$) from lookback time measurements of high-$z$ galaxies, as recently published by the Gemini Deep Deep Survey (GDDS). In order to build up our lookback time sample from these observations we use 8 high-$z$ galaxies in the redshift interval $1.3 \leq z \leq 2.2$ and assume the total expanding age of the Universe to be $t_{0}^{obs} = 13.6^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$ Gyr, as obtained from current cosmic microwave background data. We show that these age measurements are compatible with values of $w$ close to -1, although there is still space for quintessence ($w > -1$) and phantom ($w < -1$) behaviors. In order to break possible degeneracies in the $\Omega_{\rm{m}} - w$ plane, we also discuss the bounds on this parametric space when GDDS lookback time measurements are combined with the most recent SNe Ia, CMB and LSS data.