Ellipticity in Cosmic Microwave Background as a Tracer of Large-Scale Universe

Abstract

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 3-year data confirm the ellipticity of anisotropies of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps, found previously for Boomerang and WMAP 1-year high sensitivity maps. The low noise level of the WMAP latter data enable also to show that, the ellipticity is a property not described by the conventional cosmological model fitting the power spectrum of CMB. As a large scale anomaly, the ellipticity characteristics are consistent with the effect of geodesics mixing occurring in hyperbolic Universe. Its relation to other large scale effects, i.e. to suppressed low multipoles, as well as to dark energy if the latter is due to vacuum fluctuations, is then an arising issue.