Determining Gravitational Masses of Galaxy Clusters With (1)Virial Equilibrium And (2)Arc-like Images

Abstract

The mass derived from gravitational lensing reflects the total mass contained in the lensing system, independent of the specific matter contents and states. A comparison of the dynamical masses from hydrostatic equilibrium with the gravitational masses from arc-like images of background galaxies is made for four clusters of galaxies at intermediate redshits. It is found that virial analysis has underestimated the total cluster masses (from lensing) by a factor of $3\sim6$ within a radius of $\sim0.3$ Mpc $h_{50}^{-1}$ around the cluster centers, indicating that clusters of galaxies might not be regarded as the well relaxed virialized systems. The increase of the total cluster masses obtained from lensing leads to the decrease of the baryon fractions of clusters of galaxies, which provides a crue for solving the ``$Ω_0$ disprepancy puzzle" in cosmology.