Galaxy Redshift Surveys: 20 years later

Abstract

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the effective beginning of large, systematic redshift surveys of galaxies. These surveys have had a major impact on observational cosmology and on our current understanding of large-scale structures in the Universe. To celebrate this remarkable period some landmark observational results are reviewed and our current understanding of LSS is summarized. Although enormous progress has been achieved in mapping the galaxy distribution to moderate redshifts, many of the questions posed over a quarter of century ago have not yet been convincingly answered and must await the completion of new large solid angle surveys such as 2dF and SDSS. On the other hand, unexpected advances have been made at very high redshifts. After years of searching, well-defined samples of extremely distant galaxies are now available, redshifts are being routinely measured and large programs are planned for the 8-m class telescopes. These ongoing or planned surveys of the nearby and distant Universes promise to provide, within a few years, an extraordinary view of the evolution of galaxies and structures from lookback times approaching ~90% of the age of the Universe to the present epoch.