Coexistence of Global and Local Time Provides Two Ages for the Universe

Abstract

Lorentz time is replaced by three parameters: a global time, a local rate of aging, and a new spatial coordinate. This enables successful reconstruction of relativity's observables in a four dimensional Euclidean hyperspace. The new formulation predicts that the age of the universe, as inferred from the Hubble Constant, is less than the observed evolutionary age of astronomical configurations, as has been repeatedly measured. It also predicts a new phenomenon that provides closure of the universe without introduction of unobserved dark matter and independent of gravity. Further, it predicts observation of an accelerating expansion rate of the universe. It also explains our ability to perceive only three of the four spatial coordinates and predicts parallel, mutually unobserved universes that evolve independently while being correlated as past, present, and future.