Relationship between spiral and ferromagnetic states in the Hubbard model in the thermodynamic limit

Abstract

We explore how the spiral spin(SP) state, a spin singlet known to accompany fully-polarized ferromagnetic (F) states in the Hubbard model, is related with the F state in the thermodynamic limit using the density matrix renormalization group and exact diagonalization. We first obtain an indication that when the F state is the ground state the SP state is also eligible as the ground state in that limit. We then follow the general argument by Koma and Tasaki [J. Stat. Phys. {\bf 76}, 745 (1994)] to find that: (i) The SP state possesses a kind of order parameter. (ii) Although the SP state does not break the SU(2) symmetry in finite systems, it does so in the thermodynamic limit by making a linear combination with other states that are degenerate in that limit. We also calculate the one-particle spectral function and dynamical spin and charge susceptibilities for various 1D finite-size lattices. We find that the excitation spectrum of the SP state and the F state is almost identical. Our present results suggest that the SP and the F states are equivalent in the thermodynamic limit. These properties may be exploited to determine the magnetic phase diagram from finite-size studies.