Geometric Phases and Multiple Degeneracies in Harmonic Resonators

Abstract

In a recent experiment Lauber et al. have deformed cyclically a microwave resonator and have measured the adiabatic normal-mode wavefunctions for each shape along the path of deformation. The nontrivial observed cyclic phases around a 3-fold degeneracy were accounted for by Manolopoulos and Child within an approximate theory. However, open-path geometrical phases disagree with experiment. By solving exactly the problem, we find unsuspected extra degeneracies around the multiple one that account for the measured phase changes throughout the path. It turns out that proliferation of additional degeneracies around a multiple one is a common feature of quantum mechanics.