Discrete Financial Means: When exception rules, mean means nothing; Auto-catalytic Individuals Survive by all Means

Abstract

The origin of macroscopic complexity is traced in a wide range of systems (imunology, ecology, finance, marketing, etc) to the discrete and auto-catalytic (i.e. multiplicative) character of their elementary components. Even in the simplest conditions which naively would lead to the complete "death" of any dynamics, these 2 properties lead to the emergence of self-organized adaptive collective objects. In turn, these objects insure the survival of a very rich and unexpectedly resilient macroscopic "life".