Novel Theory for Topological Structure of Vortices in BEC

Abstract

By making use of the $ϕ$-mapping topological current theory, a novel expression of $\nabla \times \vec{V}$ in BEC is obtained, which reveals the inner topological structure of vortex lines characterized by Hopf indices and Brouwer degrees. This expression is just that formula Landau and Feynman expected to find out long time ago. In the case of superconductivity, the decomposition theory of U(1) gauge potential in terms of the condensate wave function gives a rigorous proof of London assumption, and shows that each vortex line should carry a quantized flux. The $ϕ$-mapping topological current theory of $\nabla \times \vec{V}$ can also gives a precise bifurcation theory of vortex lines in BEC.