Doping state of multi-wall carbon nanotubes wires and quantum dots
Christian Schönenberger, Mark Buitelaar, Michael Krüger, Isabelle Widmer, Thomas Nussbaumer, Mahdi Iqbal
Abstract
Employing strong electrostatic gating (liquid-ion gating), the position of the Fermi energy EF (relative to the charge-neutrality point) was determined in multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). EF is negative (hole doping) and amounts to ≈ -0.3 eV for MWNTs in air. Evidence that water, and not oxygen, is the main source of doping has been found. As a consequence, the number M of occupied 1d-modes (not counting spin) is >2, i.e. M ≈ 10. This is supported by the single-electron level spacing, deduced from observed single-electron charging effects (SET) at low temperature. The latter are dominated by co-tunneling processes, as we observe the Kondo effect. This provides evidence, that highly transmissive channels are present in MWNTs at low temperature, despite the `disorder' observed in previous experiments.
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