Critical behavior of spin and polymer models with aperiodic interactions

Abstract

We review and extend some recent investigations of the effects of aperiodic interactions on the critical behavior of ferromagnetic $q$-state Potts models. By considering suitable diamond or necklace hierarchical lattices, and assuming a distribution of interactions according to a class of two-letter substitution rules, the problem can be formulated in terms of recursion relations in parameter space. The analysis of stability of the fixed points leads to an exact criterion to gauge the relevance of geometric fluctuations. For irrelevant fluctuations, the critical behavior remains unchanged with respect to the uniform systems. For relevant fluctuations, there appears a two-cycle of saddle-point character in parameter space. A scaling analysis, supported by direct numerical thermodynamic calculations, shows the existence of novel critical universality classes associated with relevant geometric fluctuations. Also, we show that similar qualitative results are displayed by a simple model of two directed polymers on a diamond hierarchical structure with aperiodic bond interactions.