Phase coherence times in the multiple scattering of photons by cold atoms

Abstract

We present an analysis of the dephasing present in the multiple scattering of photons by atoms with a quantum internal structure. The corresponding phase coherence times $τ_ϕ$ are obtained as a function of the Zeeman degeneracy of the atomic dipole transition and the polarization state of the photons. These results allow for an explanation of the recent experiments on coherent backscattering of photons from a gas of cold rubidium atoms where the height of the backscattering cone depends on the atomic internal degrees of freedom coupled to the polarization of the photons. Some consequences of these results are presented, and analogies with the case of electronic systems are highlighted.