Winning combinations of history-dependent games

Abstract

The Parrondo effect describes the seemingly paradoxical situation in which two losing games can, when combined, become winning [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 24 (2000)]. Here we generalize this analysis to the case where both games are history-dependent, i.e. there is an intrinsic memory in the dynamics of each game. New results are presented for the cases of both random and periodic switching between the two games.