Fission of multielectron bubbles in liquid helium

Abstract

The stability of multielectron bubbles (MEBs) in liquid helium is investigated using the liquid-drop model for fissioning nuclei. Whereas a critical positive pressure can make the bubble unstable against fissioning, a small negative pressure suffices to introduce a restoring force preventing any small deformation of the bubble to grow. We also find that there exists an energy barrier making MEBs metastable against fissioning at zero pressure. The results obtained here overcome the difficulties associated with the Rayleigh-Plesset equation previously used to study bubble stability, and shed new light on the limits of achievable bubble geometries in recently proposed experiments devised to stabilize MEBs.