Low-energy properties of two-leg spin-1 antiferromagnetic ladders with commensurate external fields and their extensions
Abstract
This study addresses low-energy properties of 2-leg spin-1 ladders with antiferromagnetic (AF) intrachain coupling under a uniform or staggered external field H, and a few of their modifications. The generalization to spin-S ladders is also discussed. In the strong AF rung (interchain)-coupling J region, degenerate perturbation theory applied to spin-S ladders predicts 2S critical curves in the parameter space (J, H) for the staggered field case, in contrast to 2S finite critical regions for the uniform field case. All critical areas belong to a universality with central charge c=1. On the other hand, we employ Abelian and non-Abelian bosonization techniques in the weak rung-coupling region. They show that in the spin-1 ladder, a sufficiently strong uniform field engenders a c=1 critical state regardless of the sign of J. Whereas, the staggered field is expected not to yield any singular phenomena. From the bosonization techniques, new field-theoretical expressions of string order parameters in the spin-1 systems is also proposed.
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