Analysis of distribution of cosmic microwave background photon in terms of non-extensive statistics and formulas with temperature fluctuation

Abstract

To take into account the temperature fluctuation in the Planck distribution, we calculate convolution integral with several probability distributions. Using these formula as well the Planck distribution and a formula in the non-extensive statistics, we analyze the data measured by the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE). Our analysis reveals that the derivation from the Planck distribution is estimated as |q-1| = 4.4\times 10^{-5}, where q means the magnitude of the non-extensivity or the temperature fluctuation, provided that the dimensionless chemical potential proposed by Zeldovich and Sunyaev exists. Comparisons of new formulas and the Planck distribution including the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (S-Z) effect are made.