Phase Diagram of the $t$--$U$--$V_1$--$V_2$ Model at Quarter Filling

Abstract

We examine the ground-state properties of the one-dimensional Hubbard model at quarter filling with Coulomb interactions between nearest-neighbors $V_1$ and next-nearest neighbors $V_2$. Using the density-matrix renormalization group and exact diagonalization methods, we obtain an accurate ground-state phase diagram in the $V_1$-$V_2$ plane with three different phases: $2k_{\rm F}$- and $4k_{\rm F}$-charge-density-wave and a broad metallic phase in-between. The metal is a Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid whose critical exponent $K_ρ$ is largest around $V_1=2V_2$, where $V_1$ and $V_2$ are frustrated, and smallest, $K_ρ=0.25$, at the boundaries between the metallic phase and each of the two ordered phases.