Two Dimensional Electron and Hole Gases at the Surface of Graphite
S. V. Morozov, K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, A. A. Firsov, S. V. Dubonos, A. K. Geim
Abstract
We report high-quality two-dimensional (2D) electron and hole gases induced at the surface of graphite by the electric field effect. The 2D carriers reside within a few near-surface atomic layers and exhibit mobilities up to 15,000 and 60,000 cm2/Vs at room and liquid-helium temperatures, respectively. The mobilities imply ballistic transport at micron scale. Pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations reveal the existence of two types of carries in both 2D electron and hole gases.
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