Confinement and Superfluidity in one-dimensional Degenerate Fermionic Cold Atoms
P. Lecheminant, E. Boulat, P. Azaria
Abstract
The physical properties of arbitrary half-integer spins F = N - 1/2 fermionic cold atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice are investigated by means of a low-energy approach. Two different superfluid phases are found for F 3/2 depending on whether a discrete symmetry is spontaneously broken or not: an unconfined BCS pairing phase and a confined molecular superfluid instability made of 2N fermions. We propose an experimental distinction between these phases for a gas trapped in an annular geometry. The confined-unconfined transition is shown to belong to the ZN generalized Ising universality class. We discuss on the possible Mott phases at 1/2N filling.
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