Linear response theory in stochastic many-body systems revisited

Abstract

The Green-Kubo relation, the Einstein relation, and the fluctuation-response relation are representative universal relations among measurable quantities that are valid in the linear response regime. We provide pedagogical proofs of these universal relations for stochastic many-body systems. Through these simple proofs, we characterize the three relations as follows. The Green-Kubo relation is a direct result of the local detailed balance condition, the fluctuation-response relation represents the dynamic extension of both the Green-Kubo relation and the fluctuation relation in equilibrium statistical mechanics, and the Einstein relation can be understood by considering thermodynamics. We also clarify the interrelationships among the universal relations.