Negative heat capacity at phase-separation in macroscopic systems
D. H. E. Gross
Abstract
Systems with long-range as well with short-range interactions should necessarily have a convex entropy S(E) at proper phase transitions of first order, i.e. when a separation of phases occurs. Here the microcanonical heat capacity c(E)= -(∂ S/∂ E)2∂2S/∂ E2 is negative. This should be observable even in macroscopic systems when energy fluctuations with the surrounding world can be sufficiently suppressed.
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