Magnetism and superconductivity within extended Hubbard model for a dimer. Exact results

Abstract

We find the eigenvalues $E_α $ and eigenvectors $|E_α>$ of the extended Hubbard dimer and we represent each part $E_α |E_α> < E_α |$ of the dimer Hamiltonian $(α=1,2,...,16)$in the second quantizations with the use of the Hubbard and spin operators. This procedure gives a review of all competitive, intrinsic interactions, deeply hidden in the orginal form of the considered Hamiltonian. Among competitive interactions we can find ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions (also in the form appearing in the $t-J$ model), hopping of the Cooper pairs between different dimer lattice sites (similar as in Kulik-Pedan, Penson-Kolb models), as well as, intersite Cooper pair interactions. We plot several coupling constants of these interactions vs Coulomb intrasite interaction $U$ to show that the competition between them strongly depends on the model parameters. The thermodynamical activity of each particular interaction, belonging to a given energy level, depends, however, on the occupation of this level. From the presented review of interactions it is evident that the extended Hubbard model is capable to describe the properties of superconductors with magnetic ordering (including also high-$T_C$ superconductors) where a strong competition between magnetism and superconductivity takes place.