Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in Graphene
Kentaro Nomura, A. H. MacDonald
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material with a honeycomb lattice and Dirac-like low-energy excitations. When Zeeman and spin-orbit interactions are neglected its Landau levels are four-fold degenerate, explaining the 4 e2/h separation between quantized Hall conductivity values seen in recent experiments. In this paper we derive a criterion for the occurrence of interaction-driven quantum Hall effects near intermediate integer values of e2/h due to charge gaps in broken symmetry states.
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