Field-theoretic description of ionic crystallization in the restricted primitive model

Abstract

Effects of charge-density fluctuations on a phase behavior of the restricted primitive model (RPM) are studied within a field-theoretic formalism. We focus on a $λ$-line of continuous transitions between charge-ordered and charge-disordered phases that is observed in several mean-field (MF) theories, but is absent in simulation results. In our study the RPM is reduced to a $ϕ^6$ theory, and a fluctuation contribution to a grand thermodynamic potential is obtained by generalizing the Brazovskii approach. We find that in a presence of fluctuations the $λ$-line disappears. Instead, a fluctuation-induced first-order transition to a charge-ordered phase appears in the same region of a phase diagram, where the liquid -- ionic-crystal transition is obtained in simulations. Our results indicate that the charge-ordered phase should be identified with an ionic crystal.