Correlations and entanglements in a few-electron quantum dot without Zeeman splitting

Abstract

We explore the correlations and entanglements of exact-diagonalized few-electron wave functions in a quantum dot in magnetic fields without the Zeeman splitting. With the increase of the field, the lowest states with different spins gradually form a narrow band and the electronic states undergo a transition from liquids to rotating Wigner molecules which are accompanied by different characters of charge correlations. For both the liquid and crystal states, the spin conditional probability densities show magnetic couplings between the particles which depend on the particle numbers, the total spins and the angular momenta of the states. The von Neumann entropies show the spin-dependent entanglements between electrons. The regular magnetic-coupling oscillations and converging entanglement entropies emerge in the rotating Wigner molecular states.