Quantization of Superflow Circulation and Magnetic Flux with a Tunable Offset
Abstract
Quantization of superflow-circulation and of magnetic-flux are considered for systems, such as superfluid 3He-A and unconventional superconductors, having nonscalar order parameters. The circulation is shown to be the anholonomy in the parallel transport of the order parameter. For multiply-connected samples free of distributed vorticity, circulation and flux are predicted to be quantized, but generically to nonintegral values that are tunably offset from integers. This amounts to a version of Aharonov-Bohm physics. Experimental settings for testing these issues are discussed.
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