Influence of spin on the persistent current of strongly interacting electrons

Abstract

The lowest eigenenergies of few, strongly interacting electrons in a one--dimensional ring are studied in the presence of an impurity barrier. The persistent current $\:I\:$, periodic in an Aharonov--Bohm flux penetrating the ring, is strongly influenced by the electron spin. The impurity does not remove discontinuities in $\:I\:$ at zero temperature. The total electron spin of the ground state oscillates with the flux. Strong electron--electron interaction enhances $\:I\:$, albeit not up to the value of the clean ring which itself is smaller than $\:I\:$ for free electrons. $\:I\:$ disappears on a temperature scale that depends exponentially on the electron density. In the limit of very strong interaction the response to small fluxes is diamagnetic.