Quantum Evaporation from Superfluid Helium at Normal Incidence
Abstract
We study the scattering of atoms, rotons and phonons at the free surface of 4He at normal incidence and calculate the evaporation, condensation and reflection probabilities. Assuming elastic one-to-one processes and using general properties of the scattering matrix, such as unitarity and time reversal, we argue that all nonzero probabilities can be written in terms of a single energy-dependent parameter. Quantitative predictions are obtained using linearized time dependent density functional theory.
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